rainforest pharmacopeia in madagascar provides high value for current local and prospective global uses马达加斯加的热带雨林药典为当前地方和未来全球提供高价值的用途.pdfVIP

Rainforest Pharmacopeia in Madagascar Provides High Value for Current Local and Prospective Global Uses 1,2,3 2 2 4 Christopher D. Golden *, B. J. Rodolph Rasolofoniaina , E. J. Gasta Anjaranirina , Lilien Nicolas , Laurent Ravaoliny2, Claire Kremen3 1 Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY), Maroantsetra, Madagascar, 3 Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 4 Maroantsetra District Public Hospital, Maroantsetra, Madagascar Abstract Botanical diversity provides value to humans through carbon sequestration, air and water purification, and the provisioning of wild foods and ethnomedicines. Here we calculate the value of botanical ethnomedicines in a rainforest region of Madagascar, the Makira Protected Area, using a substitution method that combines replacement costs and choice modeling. The Makira watershed may comprise approximately 0.8% of global botanical diversity and possesses enormous value both in its ability to provision botanical ethnomedicines to local people and as a source of potentially novel pharmaceutical drugs for society as a whole. Approximately 241 locally-recognized species are used as ethnomedicines, including 113 agricultural or weed species. We equated each ethnomedicinal treatment to the monetary value of a comparable pharmaceutical treatment adjusted by personal preferences in perceived efficacy (rather than from known or assumed medicinal e