rapid changes in transcription profiles of the plasmodium yoelii yir multigene family in clonal populations lack of epigenetic memory转录资料快速变化的疟原虫基因家族在克隆种群缺乏yoelii亚瑟尔表观遗传记忆.pdfVIP

Rapid Changes in Transcription Profiles of the Plasmodium yoelii yir Multigene Family in Clonal Populations: Lack of Epigenetic Memory? 1 1.¤a 1. 2.¤b 3 Deirdre Cunningham , Jannik Fonager , William Jarra , Celine Carret , Peter Preiser , Jean Langhorne1* 1 Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom, 2 Pathogen Microarrays Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3 Bioscience Research Centre, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore Abstract The pir multigene family, found in the genomes of Plasmodium vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species, encode variant antigens that could be targets of the immune response. Individual parasites of the rodent malaria Plasmodium yoelii, selected by micromanipulation, transcribe only 1 to 3 different pir (yir) suggesting tight transcriptional control at the level of individual cells. Using microarray and quantitative RT-PCR, we show that despite this very restricted transcription in a single cell, many yir genes are transcribed throughout the intra-erythrocytic asexual cycle. The timing and level of transcription differs between genes, with some being more highly transcribed in ring and trophozoite stages, whereas others are more highly transcribed in schizonts. Infection of immunodeficient mice with single infected erythrocytes results in populations of parasites each with transcriptional profiles different from that of the parent parasite population and from each other. This drift away from the original ‘set’ of transcribed genes does not appear to follow a preset pattern and ‘‘epigenetic memory’’ of the yir transcribed in the parent parasite can be rapi