reinforcement learning or active inference强化学习或活跃的推理.pdfVIP

Reinforcement Learning or Active Inference? Karl J. Friston*, Jean Daunizeau, Stefan J. Kiebel The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom Abstract This paper questions the need for reinforcement learning or control theory when optimising behaviour. We show that it is fairly simple to teach an agent complicated and adaptive behaviours using a free-energy formulation of perception. In this formulation, agents adjust their internal states and sampling of the environment to minimize their free-energy. Such agents learn causal structure in the environment and sample it in an adaptive and self-supervised fashion. This results in behavioural policies that reproduce those optimised by reinforcement learning and dynamic programming. Critically, we do not need to invoke the notion of reward, value or utility. We illustrate these points by solving a benchmark problem in dynamic programming; namely the mountain-car problem, using active perception or inference under the free-energy principle. The ensuing proof-of-concept may be important because the free-energy formulation furnishes a unified account of both action and perception and may speak to a reappraisal of the role of dopamine in the brain. Citation: Friston KJ, Daunizeau J, Kiebel SJ (2009) Reinforcement Learning or Active Inference?. PLoS ONE 4(7): e6421. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006421 Editor: Olaf Sporns, Indiana University, United States of America Received February 12, 2009; Accepted March 19, 2009; Published July 29, 2009 Copyright: 2009 Friston et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The Well