scheduled daily mating induces circadian anticipatory activity rhythms in the male rat计划每天交配雄性大鼠诱发生理的先行活动节律.pdfVIP

Scheduled Daily Mating Induces Circadian Anticipatory Activity Rhythms in the Male Rat Glenn J. Landry, Hanna Opiol, Elliott G. Marchant, Ilya Pavlovski, Rhiannon J. Mear, Dwayne K. Hamson, Ralph E. Mistlberger* Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada Abstract Daily schedules of limited access to food, palatable high calorie snacks, water and salt can induce circadian rhythms of anticipatory locomotor activity in rats and mice. All of these stimuli are rewarding, but whether anticipation can be induced by neural correlates of reward independent of metabolic perturbations associated with manipulations of food and hydration is unclear. Three experiments were conducted to determine whether mating, a non-ingestive behavior that is potently rewarding, can induce circadian anticipatory activity rhythms in male rats provided scheduled daily access to steroid-primed estrous female rats. In Experiment 1, rats anticipated access to estrous females in the mid-light period, but also exhibited post-coital eating and running. In Experiment 2, post-coital eating and running were prevented and only a minority of rats exhibited anticipation. Rats allowed to see and smell estrous females showed no anticipation. In both experiments, all rats exhibited sustained behavioral arousal and multiple mounts and intromissions during every session, but ejaculated only every 2–3 days. In Experiment 3, the rats were given more time with individual females, late at night for 28 days, and then in the midday for 28 days. Ejaculation rates increased and anticipation was robust to night sessions and significant although weaker to day sessions. The anticipation rhythm persisted during 3 days of constant dark without mating. During anticipation of nocturnal mating, the rats ex