selective constraint on copy number variation in human piwi-interacting rna loci选择性限制拷贝数变异在人类piwi-interacting rna基因座.pdfVIP

Selective Constraint on Copy Number Variation in Human Piwi-Interacting RNA Loci ¤ David W. Gould, Sergio Lukic , Kevin C. Chen* BioMaPS Institute for Quantitative Biology and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America Abstract Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNA found in animals. PiRNAs are primarily expressed in the germline where their best understood function is to repress transposable elements. Unlike previous studies that investigated the evolution of piRNA-generating loci at the level of nucleotide substitutions, here we studied the evolution of piRNA-generating loci at the level of copy number variation (i.e. duplications and deletions) using genome-wide copy number variation data from three human populations. Our analysis shows that at the level of copy number variation there is strong selective constraint and a very high mutation rate in human piRNA-generating loci. Our results differ from a model of positive selection on copy number variation in piRNA-generating loci previously proposed in rodents. We discuss possible reasons for this difference based on the transposable element insertion histories in the rodent and primate lineages. Citation: Gould DW, Lukic S, Chen KC (2012) Selective Constraint on Copy Number Variation in Human Piwi-Interacting RNA Loci. PLoS ONE 7(10): e46611. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046611 Editor: Dale J. Hedges, University of Miami, United States of America Received April 18, 2012; Accepted September 6, 2012; Published October 4, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Gould et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unr