sequence polymorphism in candidate genes for differences in winter plumage between scottish and scandinavian willow grouse (lagopus lagopus)序列多态性在候选基因之间的差异在冬季羽毛苏格兰和北欧柳树松鸡(lagopus lagopus).pdfVIP
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sequence polymorphism in candidate genes for differences in winter plumage between scottish and scandinavian willow grouse (lagopus lagopus)序列多态性在候选基因之间的差异在冬季羽毛苏格兰和北欧柳树松鸡(lagopus lagopus)
Sequence Polymorphism in Candidate Genes for
Differences in Winter Plumage between Scottish and
Scandinavian Willow Grouse (Lagopus lagopus)
¤ ¨
Pontus Skoglund* , Jacob Hoglund
Department of Population Biology and Conservation Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Abstract
Background: Population variation in the degree of seasonal polymorphism is rare in birds, and the genetic basis of this
phenomenon remains largely undescribed. Both sexes of Scandinavian and Scottish Willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus)
display marked differences in their winter phenotypes, with Scottish grouse retaining a pigmented plumage year-round and
Scandinavian Willow grouse molting to a white morph during winter. A widely studied pathway implicated in vertebrate
pigmentation is the melanin system, for which functional variation has been characterised in many taxa.
Methodology/Principal Findings: We sequenced coding regions from four genes involved in melanin pigmentation (DCT,
MC1R, TYR and TYRP1), and an additional control involved in the melanocortin pathway (AGRP), to investigate the genetic
basis of winter plumage in Lagopus. Despite the well documented role of the melanin system in animal coloration, we found
no plumage-associated polymorphism or evidence for selection in a total of ,2.6 kb analysed sequence.
Conclusions/Significance: Our results indicate that the genetic basis of alternating between pigmented and unpigmented
seasonal phenotypes is more likely explained by regulatory changes controlling the expression of these or other loci in the
physiological pathway leading to pigmentation.
¨
Citation: Skoglund P, Hoglund J (2010) Sequence Polymorphism in Candidate Genes for Differences in Winter Plumage between Scottish and Scandinavian
Willow Grouse (Lagopus lagopus). PLoS ONE 5(4): e10334. do
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