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sexual selection and the evolution of brain size in primates性选择,在灵长类动物大脑尺寸的演变
Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Brain Size in
Primates
Michael A. Schillaci*
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Reproductive competition among males has long been considered a powerful force in the evolution of primates. The evolution
of brain size and complexity in the Order Primates has been widely regarded as the hallmark of primate evolutionary history.
Despite their importance to our understanding of primate evolution, the relationship between sexual selection and the
evolutionary development of brain size is not well studied. The present research examines the evolutionary relationship
between brain size and two components of primate sexual selection, sperm competition and male competition for mates.
Results indicate that there is not a significant relationship between relative brain size and sperm competition as measured by
relative testis size in primates, suggesting sperm competition has not played an important role in the evolution of brain size in
the primate order. There is, however, a significant negative evolutionary relationship between relative brain size and the level
of male competition for mates. The present study shows that the largest relative brain sizes among primate species are
associated with monogamous mating systems, suggesting primate monogamy may require greater social acuity and abilities
of deception.
Citation: Schillaci MA (2006) Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Brain Size in Primates. PLoS ONE 1(1): e62. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000062
INTRODUCTION testes size, and 2) male competition for mates estimated from the
Since Darwin’s 1871 publication [1] on the evolution of humans level of sexual mass dimorphism.
and sexual selection, reproductive competition among males has
been considered a powerful force
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