《遗传学概论》的.pptVIP

Introduction and History of Immunology;? History of Immunology ? Immune system ? Innate immunity ? Adaptive immunity ;Immunity;Variolation; Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) ? Pasteur called the attenuated strain as “Vaccine”. The latin word “vacca=cow” in honor of Jenner’s work. ? Attenuated vaccines for cholera, anthrax, and rabies On July 4, 1886, 9-year-old Joseph Meister was bitten repeatedly by a rabid dog， Pasteur treated him with his attenuated rabies vaccine two days later. Meister survived. Joseph Meister later become a gatekeeper for the Pasteur Institute. In 1940, when he was ordered by the German occupiers to open Pasteurs crypt, Joseph Meister refused and committed suicide! ?;? ;Emil Adolf von Behring (1854 – 1917) A Student of Koch With Kitasato and Wernike, discovered anti-toxin for Diphtheria and Tetanus and applied as therapy. Awarded first Nobel Prize in physiology, 1901 ;Paul Ehrlich (1854 – 1915) ????? Developed a series of tissue-staining dyes including that for tubercle bacillus.  ·??Worked with Koch. Developed anti-toxin (Diphtheria) and hemalysis ·???Side-chain theory of antibody formation: surface receptors bound by lock key; Ag stimulated receptors ? ·???Shared 1908 Nobel Prize with Metchnikoff. ; ;? ;Gerald M. Edelman 1929-;BARUJ BENACERRAF;Niels K. Jerne (1912-1994) ·???Antibody avidity maturation ·???Plaque forming assay ·???Pre-existing repertoire (in host DNA) theory helped the formation of clonal selection theory. ·???Host MHC is the driving force for the maturation and selection of T cells in the thymus. ·?? **Idiotype network Nobel Prize, 1984, for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies. ;Milstein (b. 1927) and K?hler (1946-1995) ·???Monoclonal antibody ;Susumu Tonegawa (b. 1939) Cloning of the Immunoglobulin gene 1987 Nobel prize for his discovery of the genetic principle