新一代大学英语下册1-4单元课后翻译.docxVIP

11. As a young man he had to earn his living at tasks that bordered on the menial. From this he gained, and never lost, a deep sympathy for the common people.译：在他年轻的时候，他不得不做一些近乎粗活的苦工谋生。由此，他对老百姓有了深切得怜悯之情，从未改变。2.Centralized government had broken down. The feudal lords acknowledge only nominal allegiance to the king.译：当时，中央集权的政府已经土崩瓦解，封建地主也只是名义上的效忠皇帝。3.They were virtual pawns of the aristocrats，whose principal interests had come to be hunting, war, and extravagant living. To pay for these pastimes they taxed the people beyond what the traffic could bear, and suppressed all protest ruthlessly. 译：贵族们主要醉心于打猎、发动战争和享受奢侈生活，而老百姓成为他们受控与利用的棋子。为负担起这些娱乐消遣，他们向老百姓征收的税收远远超过老百姓的承受能力，并且无情的镇压一切抗议。4.To the young Confucius these conditions seemed intolerable, and he resolved to devote his life to trying to right them. 译：对于年轻的孔子来说，这些状况似乎是无法忍受的，他决定用自己的一生来改变现状。5. During the sixth century BC, competing Chinese states undermined the authority of the Zhou Empire, which had held supreme rule for over 500 years. Traditional Chinese principles began to deteriorate, resulting in a period of moral decline. Confucius recognized an opportunity –and an obligation- to reinforce the society values of compassion and tradition.译：在公元前六世纪，相互争斗的诸侯暗中破坏周王朝超过500年的至高无上的统治权威。繁体中文开始退化，这导致一个时期道德的衰落。孔子意识到这是一个机会也是自身的义务去加强这个社会同情心和传统价值观。6. He thought it was normal for men to cooperate; to strive, not to get the better of each other, but to promote the common welfare.译：他认为人们相互合作才是正常的；要力争，并不是为了打败对手，而是促进共同的利益。7. In his opinion a rule’s success should be measured by his ability, not to amass wealth and power for himself, but to bring about the welfare and happiness of his people.译：在他看来，统治者的成功应是靠他的能力来衡量的，他的目的不是为了自己聚集财富和权力，而是为他的人民带来福祉和幸福。8. The doctrine was changed and elaborated until Confucius himself would scarcely have recognized it, yet two principles remained: the insistence that those who govern should be chosen not for their birth but for their virtue and ability, and that the true end of government is the welfare a