21 镇痛药（21 analgesic）.docVIP

21 镇痛药（21 analgesic） 21 the analgesic drug.Txt is a mountain fox, you told me what all, standing in the place nearest to you, look you smile to others, even if the heart is all the pain just to put your every act and every move a panoramic view. Dazzling white, let me understand what is pure damage. The eighteenth chapter is analgesic Analgesic (analgesics) is a drug that primarily acts on the central nervous system and selectively removes or reduces pain. The analgesic effect of this kind of medicine is powerful, and it is easy to be used repeatedly. Therefore, it is also called addictive analgesic or narcotic analgesic. Typical analgesics include two categories: opioid alkaloids (represented by morphine) and synthetic analgesics (represented by pethidine). Opium alkaloids 1. morphine (morphine) Morphine is an analgesic agent, which can stimulate the different subtypes of opioid receptors in different brain regions and exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects. 1) central nervous system The effect of analgesia, sedation and analgesia is powerful, effective to all kinds of pain, is better than that of intermittent sharp pain on persistent chronic pain and sedation effect, the euphoria can eliminate the emotional reactions caused by pain and improved pain tolerance. The analgesic mechanism is to stimulate the spinal glial region, the medial hypothalamus, the periaqueductal gray matter, opioid receptors, and the opioid receptor of the limbic system and locus coeruleus, to produce euphoria and improve the emotional effects. II. Opioid receptors inhibit respiration excited the medullary respiratory center, reduce the sensitivity of respiratory center on CO2, the respiratory rate slowed down, the tidal volume decreased, and inhibit the pneumotaxic center, acute poisoning can cause severe hypoxia, respiratory paralysis and death. Morphine enters the fetus through the placenta and inhibits neonatal respiration. Antitussive and exciting opioid receptor in the nucleus of