超声三基题（Ultrasound three questions）.doc

超声三基题（Ultrasound three questions） 1, what is the ultrasonic Doppler effect? When the sound source and the receiving body relative motion in the continuous medium, the emitted acceptable vibration frequency different Yu Zhenyuan frequency, the frequency difference (frequency shift), the difference with the relative movement speed, this phenomenon is called the Doppler effect. 2, the basis of ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid adenoma is discussed 1) tumor solitary, round or oval, several millimeters to several centimeters. 2) the boundary of the tumor is clear, smooth and enveloped, and there is halo around it. 3) the echo is homogeneous, low echo or echo, the minority is strong echo, such as tumor liquefaction, bleeding, necrosis and cystic change, the internal echo is uneven. 4) the shadows in the wall and side of the tumor are enhanced and silent attenuation. 5) color Doppler ultrasonography showed obvious vascular surrounded by tumor, and abundant blood flow signals could be seen in the tumor. 3, try to describe the ultrasonographic features of breast cancer 1) tumor boundary is not the whole, rugged, no capsule. 2) the interior is mostly low echo, solid attenuation, dark area, uneven distribution, and sometimes a strong or echogenic calcification in the interior. 3 after tumor wall echo to reduce or disappear, rear echo attenuation was David dark area. 4) tumor surrounding tissues such as pectoralis major muscle or skin a crab like infiltration. 5) color Doppler ultrasound display more abundant blood flow signals, Doppler spectrum curve, common high-speed and high resistance blood flow. 4, what are the sonographic features of cirrhosis? There is no obvious change of ultrasound in early cirrhosis. Typical cirrhosis of the liver sound as follows: 1) the liver is irregular, the volume is reduced, the liver capsule is uneven, and it is thin wavy or jagged. 2) generally enhanced liver echo thickening, spot uneven distribution, a fine granular, tubular structure is uncle