被动结构复习策略.docVIP

被动结构复习策略 湖北蕲春四中 张振东 动词反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be ＋ 过去分词”构成，不同的态通过 be 的不同形式体现。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。[2009·上海卷] During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ______not to touch any unattended bag. A．had always been warnedB．were always being warned C．are always warningD．always warned 【解析】根据时间状语可知是指过去，be always doing sth.表示“一种感情色彩”，并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系，选B。 [2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Linda，make sure the tables __before the guests arrive. A．be set B．setC．are set D．are setting 【解析】 make sure意为“确信，确保”，set tables意为“摆放桌子”，结合语境。 (2011·东北三省四市联考)—What’s that terrible noise，David? —Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant________. A．were tested B．will be tested C．are being tested D．have been tested 【解析】：根据问句中的What’s that terrible noise 可知，这里应该用进行时态，噪音是机器正在被检测时发出的，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。答案C (2011·北京西城模拟)The attackers were arrested and didn’t know where they________. A．would take B．are takenC．were being taken D．will be taken 【解析】：句意为：袭击者被捕了，他们不知道正被带往何处。根据didn’t know 可知，空格处也应该用过去的某种时态，所以B、D不正确；根据句意可知此处用被动语态，故选C。Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill. A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of 【解析】：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B；选项C中又漏掉了of；故选D。 /逻辑主语的关系来确定其动词的形式。如： 1.过去分词表示被动（done）(2011·厦门市质量检查)When the minister came to the snow-stricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims well________. A．take care of B．took care ofC．taken care of D．taking care of 【解析】：从句子的结构和语意可以看出victims 与take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。C 2.现在分词的被动(being done/having been done) 注意：现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补语。Having been told many times, he didn’t know how to do it. 告诉他多次，他还不知道怎么做。 【解析】： 3.不定式的被动(to be done/to have been done) (2011·东北三校第一次联考)Cao Cao’s tomb is reported________in Anyang，which attracts nationwide attention. A．being found B．to be foundC．having been found D．to have been