初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法.docVIP

初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法 ??? 英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait等。短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。 一．短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法： 现在完成时中用法（一）： 表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作， 常用ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。 如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暂性动词) ??? I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延续性动词) 现在完成时中用法（二）： 表示始于过去某时并一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示始于过去某一时刻并一直延续到现在的时间状语连用。 如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延续性动词） ??? Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词) ?????? I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词) 所以，在现在完成时中用法（二）中，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。 初中英语中常见的有： 例如： 1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F) ??? His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T) 2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F) ??? My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) ??? My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F) 3. He has gone away for a week.(F)? He has been away for a week.(T) 4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)? ???? The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T) 但是，短暂性动词的现在完成时的否定形式可以表示一种延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段的状语连用。如: （1）Mrs. Smith hasnt left her hometown for twenty years. ??? ????史密斯太太已有二十年没有离开家乡了。 ?? (2) The little girl hasnt come to my home for a long time. ???? ???这个小孩已有好长时间没来我家了。 ? （3）I havent borrowed the books from the library for two months. ?? ?????我已有两个月没从这个图书馆借书了。 二．在When, while, as 引导的时间状语从句中短暂性动词与延续性动词的运用。 when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句都可表示当……时，但也有区别。 when可指一段时间，也可指一点时间，既可表示短暂性，一时性的动作，又可表示延续性的动作。由when引导的状语从句其谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是短暂性动词。 while只能表示延续性的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂性的动作，引导的状语从句中谓语动词是延续性动词。 as所表示的动作与主句动作同时发生，具有延续的含义，一般同延续性动词连用。as 和 while 可译为“一边……一边……”，“正当……的时候”。例如： ?(1) She came into the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.(go on 为延续性动词词语) ????? 正当开会的时候，他走进了房间。（指一段时间） （2）When she comes, I shall tell her to