制造技术与机床1MicrosoftWord文档.docVIP

Manufacturing TechnologyMetal Cutting Machine Tools 制造技术——金属切削与机床 Chapter 1 Introduction 第一章 绪论 Material removal processes 材料切除过程 Studying metal cutting and machine tools is a fascinating experience. Machining of materials is basically adopted to get higher surface finish, close tolerance and complex geometric shapes, which are otherwise difficult to obtain. 研究金属切削和机床是个令人痴迷的经历。采用材料加工手段基本上是为了取得较高的表面质量、严紧的公差和复杂的几何形状，这些是用其他加工方法很难得到的。 Of all the manufacturing processes available, metal removal is probably the most expensive one. This is because a substantial amount of material is removed from the raw material in the form of chips in order to achieve the required shape. Also, a lot of energy is expended in this process. Hence the choice of material removal as an option for manufacturing is considered when no other manufacturing process suits the purpose. However, invariably all components undergo a material removal operation at some point. 所有可用的加工工艺中，大概金属切除是代价最昂贵的。由于为了得到所要求的形状，大量的金属以切屑的形式被切除掉了。还有，在这个过程中消耗了大量的能源。因此，只有当没有其他合适的的加工工艺时才选择材料切除作为加工手段。然而，在某种程度上所有的零件总是要经历某种材料去除过程。 A machine tool is one which while holding the cutting tools is able to remove the metal from a work piece in order to generate the requisite part of the given size, configuration and finish. It is different from a machine, which is essentially a means of converting the source of power from one form to the other. Machine tools are mother machines, since without them no component can finished. Machine tools have been in existence for a long time and the success of the industrial revolution can be mainly attributed to them. 机床是为了获得所需零件的尺寸、形状和表面质量而用切削刀具从工件上切除金属的机器。它不同于一般的机器，普通的机器本质上是将能源从一种形式转换为另外一种形式。机床是工作母机，因为如果没有机床就不能完成零件加工。机床已经存在了很长时间了，而且工业革命的成功主要归功于机床。 Existence of some form of crude machine tools can be traced to as early as 700 BC. However, John Wilknson’s boring machine which was invented around AD 1775 is said to be the first machine tool. This invention paved the way for James Watt’s steam eng