公司治理自由现金流过度投资关系研究.docVIP

浅谈现金流管理 ----公司治理、自由现金流与过度投资的关系研究 Antai College of Economics Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.R.China 200052  摘要：本文检验了我国资本市场上自由现金流和过度投资之间的关系，以及公司治理和股权结构对两者关系的影响。我们发现，与代理成本的解释一致，企业的过度投资对自由现金流高度敏感，自由现金流越多的企业过度投资的冲动越强烈。另外，与代理成本和信息成本的解释一致，公司治理和股权结构变量对过度投资行为影响显著。对于过度投资为正的企业，国家股公司倾向于推进过度投资，流通股比例、监事会规模和财务杠杆倾向于削减过度投资；对于过度投资为负的企业，国家股公司、董事会规模和外部董事比例倾向于导致投资不足恶化，而流通股比例和财务杠杆则倾向于缓解投资不足。 关键词：自由现金流、过度投资、公司治理、不对称信息 Abstract：Following Richardson’s study, we examine the extent of firm level over-investment of free cash flow and the impact of ownership structure and corporate governance on over-investment in China. Consistent with agency cost explanations and Richardson’s result, we find evidence that firms’ over-investment are excessively sensitive to current free cash flow, and firm with higher free cash flow has higher over-investment impulse. We also find that to some extent corporate governance structure, especially ownership structure, are associated with over-investment and under-investment of free cash flow. For over-investment firms, our evidence suggests that state character of the largest shareholdings appears to boost over-investment, while proportion of tradable shares, supervisor size, and leverage appear to mitigate over-investment. For under-investment firms, our evidence suggests that state character of the largest shareholdings, board size and proportion of external directors appear to conduce to severer under-investment, while proportion of tradable shares, and leverage appears to alleviate under-investment. Key words: free cash flow, over-investment, corporate governance, asymmetric information (1 引言和文献回顾 近年来国外大量的文献开始研究投资决策和现金流之间的关系，尤其关注代理成本和信息问题在其中的作用和影响。一般认为，信息问题增加市场摩擦，影响企业外部融资的成本，容易导致受流动性约束的企业投资不足和对自身经营现金流的高度依赖 (Fazzari, et al, 1988; Hoshi, et al, 1991; Alti, 2003; Almeida, 2004)；而代理成本则体现为经理人对企业自由现金流的滥用，主要是经理人为了追求自身利益进行过度投资，即投资于净现值为负的项目(Jensen 1986; Stulz 1990)。Heaton,2002; Malmendier and Tate, 2005)。Richardson (2006)activist shareholders）的存