高中英语 Unit1（直接引语和间接引语辅导）学案 译林牛津版必修4.docVIP

英语必修4译林牛津Unit 1精品学案（直接引语和间接引语 M4U1 语法部分辅导 直接引语和间接引语直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用有引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变。例如：She says, “ I’ll never forget the moment变成间接引语为She says that she’ll never forget the moment.但是如引述动词为过去时，间接引语 中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应 的变化。遵循下列规律：一、一般规律。 在直接引语中 在间接引语中 指示代词 this these that those 时间状语 now today yesterday last week tomorrow next year Two days ago Then that day the day before the week before the next day the next year two days before 地点状语 here there 动词时态 一般现在时 现左进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 （不变） 过去将来时 动词变化 can/may must come bring could/might had to go take 二、三要素。 我们要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。 要素一：陈述句的间接引语——连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told, ,等。例如： He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”→ He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2) She said: “He will be busy.”→ She said that he would be busy. 要素二： 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等，例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→ She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”→ She asked me whether that book was mine or his. (2) 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” → The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 要素三：祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 told 即 asked sb. (not) to do sth. ordered warned 注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的please 去掉，动词改为 ask 1) The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” → The teacher told the students not to waste their time. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”→ The mother asked Tom to get up early. 三、 “五不变” 在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。 直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如： The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”→ The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”→ My father