第3章液压系统的能量和功率.pptVIP

根据连续方程我们可知在 进口处的截面1的流体的流 速低于喉管处截面2的流速。 即v2大于v1（The figure shows venturi, which is a special pipe whose diameter is gradually reduced until a constant-diameter throat is reached. Then the pipe gradually increases in diameter until it reaches the original size. We know that inlet station 1 has a lower velocity than does the throat station 2 due to the continuity equation. Therefore, v2 is greater than v1）。 我们写出截面1和2之间假定的理想流动并且高度相等的伯努利方程（Let’s write Bernoulli’s equation between stations 1 and 2 assuming ideal flow and equal elevations）： 求出p1－ p2，我们有： 由于v2大于v1，我们必然知道p1大于p2。这个原因很简单：由于连续性定律流体在从截面1到2的过程中动能逐渐增加。其结果，流体的压力能减小以致能量既不增加也不减小。这个文德里效应通常称为伯努利定律（Since v2 is greater than v1, we know that p1 must be greater than p2. The reason is simple: In going from station 1 to 2 the fluid gained kinetic energy due to the continuity theorem. As a result, the fluid had to lose pressure energy in order not to create or destroy energy. This venturi effect is commonly called Bernoulli’s principle）。 图中显示了文德里效应在汽车 化油器上的应用。空气流量的大小 由节气门的开启位置确定。当空气 流经文德里管时，其流速增大而压 力下降。浮子室里的压力与文德里 管上面的空气压力相等。浮子室与 文德里喉管间的压差导致汽油喷入 空气流。文德里管中的压降有助于 汽油的气化（The figure shows how the venturi effect is used in an automobile carburetor. The volume of air flow is determined by the opening position of the butterfly valve. As the air flows through the venturi, it speeds up and loses some of its pressure. The pressure in * * 第三章 液压系统的能量和功率（Energy and Power in Hydraulic Systems） 3.1概述（INTRODUCTION） 在液压系统中，油液在大气压下进入油泵，这个压力称为吸油压力。当油液通过油泵时，油液压力的增加使其势能显著增加。当油液流过管道、阀和管接头时，因摩擦作用引起这些能量损失。摩擦能量的损失表现为热能。在输出装置（液压执行元件）上剩余的能量传递给负载完成有用的工作。这实质上是能量传递在液压系统中的循环。油泵将能量加入系统并传递到系统执行元件用来驱动外负载（In hydraulic systems, fluid enters the pump at below atmospheric pressure, called the suction pressure. As the fluid passes through the pump, its potential energy increases as evidenced by an increase in fluid pressure. Some of this energy is lost due to friction as the fluid