ancestral state reconstruction reveals multiple independent evolution of diagnostic morphological characters in the higher oribatida (acari), conflicting with current classification schemes祖先的国家重建显示多个独立诊断的进化形态特征在高oribatida壁虱,冲突与当前分类方案.pdfVIP

Schäffer et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:246 /1471-2148/10/246 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Ancestral state reconstruction reveals multiple independent evolution of diagnostic morphological characters in the “Higher Oribatida” (Acari), conflicting with current classification schemes * * Sylvia Schäffer , Stephan Koblmüller, Tobias Pfingstl, Christian Sturmbauer, Günther Krisper Abstract Background: The use of molecular genetic data in phylogenetic systematics has revolutionized this field of research in that several taxonomic groupings defined by traditional taxonomic approaches have been rejected by molecular data. The taxonomic classification of the oribatid mite group Circumdehiscentiae (Higher Oribatida”) is largely based on morphological characters and several different classification schemes, all based upon the validity of diagnostic morphological characters, have been proposed by various authors. The aims of this study were to test the appropriateness of the current taxonomic classification schemes for the Circumdehiscentiae and to trace the evolution of the main diagnostic traits (the four nymphal traits scalps, centrodorsal setae, sclerits and wrinkled cuticle plus octotaxic system and pteromorphs both in adults) on the basis of a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis by means of parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Results: The molecular phylogeny based on three nuclear markers (28S rDNA, ef-1a, hsp82) revealed considerable discrepancies to the traditional classification of the five “circumdehiscent” subdivisions, suggesting paraphyly of the three families Scutoverticidae, Ameronothridae, Cymbaeremaeidae and also of the genus Achipteria. Ancestral state reconstructions of six common d