原创力文档hiv prevalence and risk behaviours among injecting drug users in six indonesian cities implications for future hiv prevention programs注射吸毒者中艾滋病毒流行率和风险行为六个印尼城市对未来的艾滋病毒预防方案的影响.pdfVIP
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hiv prevalence and risk behaviours among injecting drug users in six indonesian cities implications for future hiv prevention programs注射吸毒者中艾滋病毒流行率和风险行为六个印尼城市对未来的艾滋病毒预防方案的影响
Morineau et al. Harm Reduction Journal 2012, 9:37
/content/9/1/37
RESEARCH Open Access
HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among
injecting drug users in six indonesian cities
implications for future HIV prevention programs
1,2* 2 2 3 3
Guy Morineau , Liesbeth JM Bollen , Rizky Ika Syafitri , Nurjannah Nurjannah , Dyah Erti Mustikawati
and Robert Magnani2
Abstract
Background: The HIV prevalence among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Indonesia reached 50% in 2005. While drug
use remains illegal in Indonesia, a needle and syringe program (NSP) was implemented in 2006.
Methods: In 2007, an integrated behavioural and biological surveillance survey was conducted among IDUs in six
cities. IDUs were selected via time-location sampling and respondent-driven sampling. A questionnaire was
administered face-to-face. IDUs from four cities were tested for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Factors
associated with HIV were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Risk for sexual transmission of HIV was
assessed among HIV-positive IDUs.
Results: Among 1,404 IDUs, 70% were daily injectors and 31% reported sharing needles in the past week. Most
(76%) IDUs received injecting equipment from NSP in the prior week; 26% always carried a needle and those who
didn’t, feared police arrest. STI prevalence was low (8%). HIV prevalence was 52%; 27% among IDUs injecting less
than 1 year, 35% among those injecting for 1–3 years compared to 61% in long term injectors (p 0.001). IDUs
injecting for less than 3 years were more likely to have used clean needles in the past week compared to long
term injectors (p 0.001). HIV-positive status was associated with duration of injecting, ever been imprisoned and
i
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