insulinotropic and muscle protein synthetic effects of branched-chain amino acids potential therapy for type 2 diabetes and sarcopeniainsulinotropic和肌肉蛋白质合成支链氨基酸的影响潜在的治疗2型糖尿病和sarcopenia.pdfVIP

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insulinotropic and muscle protein synthetic effects of branched-chain amino acids potential therapy for type 2 diabetes and sarcopeniainsulinotropic和肌肉蛋白质合成支链氨基酸的影响潜在的治疗2型糖尿病和sarcopenia.pdf

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insulinotropic and muscle protein synthetic effects of branched-chain amino acids potential therapy for type 2 diabetes and sarcopeniainsulinotropic和肌肉蛋白质合成支链氨基酸的影响潜在的治疗2型糖尿病和sarcopenia

Nutrients 2012, 4, 1664-1678; doi:10.3390/nu4111664 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 /journal/nutrients Review Insulinotropic and Muscle Protein Synthetic Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Potential Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes and Sarcopenia Ralph J. Manders 1, Jonathan P. Little 2, Scott C. Forbes 3 and Darren G. Candow 4,* 1 Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, B-3001, Belgium; E-Mail: ralph.manders@faber.kuleuven.be 2 School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada; E-Mail: jonathan.little@ubc.ca 3 Faculty of Physical Education Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada; E-Mail: scforbes@ualberta.ca 4 Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Darren.Candow@uregina.ca; Tel.: + 1-306-585-4906; Fax: + 1-306-585-4854. Received: 3 September 2012; in revised form: 29 October 2012 / Accepted: 1 November 2012 / Published: 8 November 2012 Abstract: The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging (i.e., sarcopenia) has a negative effect on functional independence and overall quality of life. One main contributing factor to sarcopenia is the reduced ability to increase skeletal muscle protein synthesis in response to habitual feeding, possibly due to a reduction in postprandial insulin release and an increase in insulin resistance.