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Toxins 2012, 4, 1427-1439; doi:10.3390/toxins4121427 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Article Interleukin-17 (IL-17) Expression Is Reduced during Acute Myocardial Infarction: Role on Chemokine Receptor Expression in Monocytes and Their in Vitro Chemotaxis towards Chemokines Maria Troitskaya 1,2, Anton Baysa 1,2, Jarle Vaage 3, Kristin L. Sand 1, Azzam A. Maghazachi 1,* and Guro Valen 1,2,* 1 Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0317, Norway; E-Mails: maria_nemo@mail.ru (M.T.); anton.baysa@medisin.uio.no (A.B.); k.l.sand@medisin.uio.no (K.L.S.) 2 Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0317, Norway 3 Department of Emergency and Intensive Care at the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo N-0424, Norway; E-Mail: i.j.vaage@medisin.uio.no * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: azzam.maghazachi@medisin.uio.no (A.A.M.); guro.valen@medisin.uio.no (G.V.); Tel.: +47-2285-1203 (A.A.M.); +47-2285-1153 (G.V.); Fax: + 47-2285-1249. Received: 15 November 2012; in revised form: 27 November 2012 / Accepted: 28 November 2012 / Published: 30 November 2012 Abstract: The roles of immune cells and their soluble products during myocardial infarction (MI) are not completely understood. Here, we observed that the percentages of IL-17, but not IL-22, producing cells are reduced in mice splenocytes after developing MI. To correlate this finding with the functional activity of IL-17, we sought to determine its