原创力文档near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobes for in vivo optical imaging近红外荧光nanoprobes体内光学成像.pdfVIP
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near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobes for in vivo optical imaging近红外荧光nanoprobes体内光学成像
Nanomaterials 2012, 2, 92-112; doi:10.3390/nano2020092
OPEN ACCESS
nanomaterials
ISSN 2079-4991
/journal/nanomaterials
Review
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes for in Vivo
Optical Imaging
Chai-Hoon Quek 1 and Kam W. Leong 1,2,*
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708,
USA; E-Mail: cq4@
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kam.leong@;
Tel.: +1-919-660-8466; Fax: +1-919-684-4488.
Received: 9 January 2012; in revised form: 23 February 2012 / Accepted: 26 March 2012 /
Published: 30 March 2012
Abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes offer advantages of high photon
penetration, reduced light scattering and minimal autofluorescence from living tissues,
rendering them valuable for noninvasive mapping of molecular events, assessment of
therapeutic efficacy, and monitoring of disease progression in animal models. This review
provides an overview of the recent development of the design and optical property of the
different classes of NIR fluorescent nanoprobes associated with in vivo imaging applications.
Keywords: near-infrared; in vivo imaging; fluorescent dyes; nanotechnology; nanoprobes
1. Introduction
The first medical imaging was realized in the late 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen shortly after he
discovered X-ray and applied to capturing the im
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