multiple facets of camp signalling and physiological impact camp compartmentalization in the lung营地信号的多个方面和生理影响肺的阵营划分.pdfVIP

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multiple facets of camp signalling and physiological impact camp compartmentalization in the lung营地信号的多个方面和生理影响肺的阵营划分.pdf

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multiple facets of camp signalling and physiological impact camp compartmentalization in the lung营地信号的多个方面和生理影响肺的阵营划分

Pharmaceuticals 2012, 5, 1291-1331; doi:10.3390/ph5121291 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Multiple Facets of cAMP Signalling and Physiological Impact: cAMP Compartmentalization in the Lung Anouk Oldenburger 1,2,*, Harm Maarsingh 1,2 and Martina Schmidt 1,2 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands 2 Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: a.oldenburger@rug.nl; Tel. +31-50-363-3304; Fax: +31-50-363-6908. Received: 18 September 2012; in revised form: 15 November 2012 / Accepted: 20 November 2012 / Published: 30 November 2012 Abstract: Therapies involving elevation of the endogenous suppressor cyclic AMP (cAMP) are currently used in the treatment of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Characteristics of COPD are airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway remodelling, processes encompassed by increased airway smooth muscle mass, epithelial changes, goblet cell and submucosal gland hyperplasia. In addition to inflammatory cells, airway smooth muscle cells and (myo)fibroblasts, epithelial cells underpin a variety of key responses in the airways such as inflammatory cytokine release, air