原创力文档molecular pathology of vertebral deformities in hyperthermic atlantic salmon (salmo salar)分子病理学椎畸形的超热状况大西洋鲑鱼(大西洋鲑).pdfVIP
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molecular pathology of vertebral deformities in hyperthermic atlantic salmon (salmo salar)分子病理学椎畸形的超热状况大西洋鲑鱼(大西洋鲑)
Ytteborg et al. BMC Physiology 2010, 10:12
/1472-6793/10/12
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
Molecular pathology of vertebral deformities in
hyperthermic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
1,2 1 1 1 1,3*
Elisabeth Ytteborg , Grete Baeverfjord , Jacob Torgersen , Kirsti Hjelde , Harald Takle
Abstract
Background: Hyperthermia has been shown in a number of organisms to induce developmental defects as a
result of changes in cell proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. In spite of this, salmon aquaculture
commonly uses high water temperature to speed up developmental rate in intensive production systems, resulting
in an increased frequency of skeletal deformities. In order to study the molecular pathology of vertebral
deformities, Atlantic salmon was subjected to hyperthermic conditions from fertilization until after the juvenile
stage.
Results: Fish exposed to the high temperature regime showed a markedly higher growth rate and a significant
higher percentage of deformities in the spinal column than fish reared at low temperatures. By analyzing
phenotypically normal spinal columns from the two temperature regimes, we found that the increased risk of
developing vertebral deformities was linked to an altered gene transcription. In particular, down-regulation of
extracellular matrix (ECM) genes such as col1a1, osteocalcin, osteonectin and decorin, indicated that maturation and
mineralization of osteoblasts were restrained. Moreover, histological staining and in situ hybridization visualized
areas with distorted chondrocytes and an increased population of hypertrophic cells. These findings were further
confirmed by an up-regulation of mef2c and col10a, genes involved in chondrocyte hypertrophy.
Conclusion: The
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