multiple sclerosis major histocompatibility complexity and antigen presentation多发性硬化症主要组织相容性抗原复杂性和演示.pdfVIP

Commentary Multiple sclerosis: major histocompatibility complexity and antigen presentation † † Sreeram V Ramagopalan* and George C Ebers* Addresses: *Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK. †Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, The West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Correspondence: George C Ebers. Email: george.ebers@clneuro.ox.ac.uk This extended haplotype confers a relative risk of Abstract approximately 3, but much larger effects are seen if Multiple sclerosis (MS), like many putative autoimmune diseases, has been known to be associated with the human haplotypic and diplotypic (both haplotypes in combination) leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region for more than 3 decades. information is taken into account, and the odds ratio for However, exactly how HLA class II alleles increase the risk of risk spanned by variation in the class II HLA region is MS is not yet conclusively known. Recent work in large human thought to exceed 30. cohorts has highlighted the fact that nearly all common HLA- DRB1 allelotypes are either positively or negatively associated Genome­wide association studies have highlighted the fact with the disease, detracting from allele-specific antigen presen- tation as the sole mechanism of MHC associated disease that the HLA class II region exerts by far the strongest susceptibility. Here, we put into context recent data on the HLA geneti