neuroactive substances specifically modulate rhythmic body contractions in the nerveless metazoon tethya wilhelma (demospongiae, porifera)刺激神经组织的具体物质调节节奏在无力的身体收缩metazoon tethya wilhelma(寻常海绵纲、海绵动物门).pdfVIP

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neuroactive substances specifically modulate rhythmic body contractions in the nerveless metazoon tethya wilhelma (demospongiae, porifera)刺激神经组织的具体物质调节节奏在无力的身体收缩metazoon tethya wilhelma(寻常海绵纲、海绵动物门).pdf

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neuroactive substances specifically modulate rhythmic body contractions in the nerveless metazoon tethya wilhelma (demospongiae, porifera)刺激神经组织的具体物质调节节奏在无力的身体收缩metazoon tethya wilhelma(寻常海绵纲、海绵动物门)

Frontiers in Zoology BioMed Central Research Open Access Neuroactive substances specifically modulate rhythmic body contractions in the nerveless metazoon Tethya wilhelma (Demospongiae, Porifera) Kornelia Ellwanger and Michael Nickel* Address: Department of Zoology, Biological Institute, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany Email: Kornelia Ellwanger - kornelia.ellwanger@izi.uni-stuttgart.de; Michael Nickel* - michael.nickel@bio.uni-stuttgart.de * Corresponding author Published: 27 April 2006 Received: 22 February 2006 Accepted: 27 April 2006 Frontiers in Zoology 2006, 3:7 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-3-7 This article is available from: /content/3/1/7 © 2006 Ellwanger and Nickel; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Sponges (Porifera) are nerve- and muscleless metazoa, but display coordinated motor reactions. Therefore, they represent a valuable phylum to investigate coordination systems, which evolved in a hypothetical Urmetazoon prior to the central nervous system (CNS) of later metazoa. We have chosen the contractile and locomotive species Tethya wilhelma (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) as a model system for our research, using quantitative analysis based on digital time lapse imaging. In order to eval