neurological tremor sensors, signal processing and emerging applications神经震动传感器、信号处理和新兴应用程序.pdfVIP

Sensors 2010, 10, 1399-1422; doi:10.3390/s100201399 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Neurological Tremor: Sensors, Signal Processing and Emerging Applications Giuliana Grimaldi and Mario Manto * FNRS, Neurologie ULB-Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; E-Mail: giulianagrim@yahoo.it * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: mmanto@ulb.ac.be; Tel.: +32-2-555-39-92; Fax: +32-2-555-39-92. Received: 23 December 2009; in revised form: 22 January 2010 / Accepted: 20 February 2010 / Published: 24 February 2010 Abstract: Neurological tremor is the most common movement disorder, affecting more than 4% of elderly people. Tremor is a non linear and non stationary phenomenon, which is increasingly recognized. The issue of selection of sensors is central in the characterization of tremor. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art instrumentation and methods of signal processing for tremor occurring in humans. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used sensors, as well as the emerging wearable sensors being developed to assess tremor instantaneously. We discuss the current limitations and the future applications such as the integration of tremor sensors in BCIs (brain-computer interfaces) and the need for sensor fusion approaches for wearable solutions. Keywords: tremor; sensors; signal analysis; brain-compu