原创力文档ochratoxin a in ruminants–a review on its degradation by gut microbes and effects on animals赭曲霉毒素a在ruminants-a评论在其肠道微生物降解和对动物的影响.pdfVIP
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ochratoxin a in ruminants–a review on its degradation by gut microbes and effects on animals赭曲霉毒素a在ruminants-a评论在其肠道微生物降解和对动物的影响
Toxins 2010, 2, 809-839; doi:10.3390/toxins2040809
OPEN ACCESS
toxins
ISSN 2072-6651
/journal/toxins
Review
Ochratoxin A in Ruminants–A Review on Its Degradation by
Gut Microbes and Effects on Animals
Muhammad Mobashar 1, Jürgen Hummel 1, Ralf Blank 2 and Karl-Heinz Südekum 1,*
1 Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
E-Mails: mmob@itw.uni-bonn.de (M.M.); jhum@itw.uni-bonn.de (J.H.)
2 Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel,
Germany; E-Mail: blank@aninut.uni-kiel.de (R.B.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ksue@itw.uni-bonn.de;
Tel.: +49-228-73-2287; Fax: +49-228-73-2295.
Received: 9 March 2010; in revised form: 12 April 2010 / Accepted: 19 April 2010 /
Published: 21 April 2010
Abstract: Ruminants are much less sensitive to ochratoxin A (OTA) than non-ruminants.
The ruminal microbes, with protozoa being a central group, degrade the mycotoxin
extensively, with disappearance half lives of 0.6–3.8 h. However, in some studies OTA
was detected systemically when using sensitive analytical methods, probably due to some
rumen bypass at proportions of estimated 2–6.5% of dosage (maximum 10%). High
concentrate proportions and high feeding levels are dietary factors promoting the likeliness
of systemic occurrence due to factors like shifts in microbial population and higher
contamination potential. Am
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