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overview of sensors and needs for environmental monitoring概述传感器和环境监测的需要
Sensors 2005, 5, 4-37
sensors
ISSN 1424-8220
© 2005 MDPI
/sensors
Overview of Sensors and Needs for Environmental Monitoring
*
Clifford K. Ho , Alex Robinson, David R. Miller and Mary J. Davis
Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA. Tel: (505) 844-2384,
Fax: (505) 844-7354.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ckho@
Received: 31 August 2004 / Accepted: 01 December 2004 / Published: 28 February 2005
Abstract: This paper surveys the needs associated with environmental monitoring and long-
term environmental stewardship. Emerging sensor technologies are reviewed to identify
compatible technologies for various environmental monitoring applications. The
contaminants that are considered in this report are grouped into the following categories:
(1) metals, (2) radioisotopes, (3) volatile organic compounds, and (4) biological
contaminants. United States regulatory drivers are evaluated for different applications (e.g.,
drinking water, storm water, pretreatment, and air emissions), and sensor requirements are
derived from these regulatory metrics. Sensor capabilities are then summarized according to
contaminant type, and the applicability of the different sensors to various environmental
monitoring applications is discussed.
Keywords: environmental monitoring, sensors, regulatory standards.
Sensors 2005, 5
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