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Sensors 2012, 12, 15947-15982; doi:10.3390/s121115947 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Overview of Micro- and Nano-Technology Tools for Stem Cell Applications: Micropatterned and Microelectronic Devices Stefano Cagnin 1,†, Elisa Cimetta 2,†, Carlotta Guiducci 3, Paolo Martini 1 and Gerolamo Lanfranchi 1,* 1 Department of Biology and CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: stefanoc@cribi.unipd.it (S.C.); paolom@cribi.unipd.it (P.M.) 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, Vanderbilt Clinic Room 12-234, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; E-Mail: ec2438@ 3 CLSE IBI-EPFL, Swiss Up Chair on Engineering, Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne BM 2106, Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mail: carlotta.guiducci@epfl.ch † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: gerolamo.lanfranchi@unipd.it; Tel.: +39-0498-276-221; Fax: +39-0498-276-159. Received: 25 September 2012; in revised form: 10 November 2012 / Accepted: 15 November 2012 / Published: 19 November 2012 Abstract: In the past few decades the scientific community has been recognizing the paramount role of the cell microenvironment in determining cell behavior. In parallel, the study of human stem cells for their potential therapeutic applications has been progressing constantly. The use of advanced technologies, e