paramyxovirus fusion and entry multiple paths to a common end副粘病毒融合和输入多条路径共同结束.pdf

Viruses 2012, 4, 613-636; doi:10.3390/v4040613 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Paramyxovirus Fusion and Entry: Multiple Paths to a Common End Andres Chang and Rebecca E. Dutch * Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: rdutc2@; Tel.: +1-859-323-1795; Fax: +1-859-257-2283. Received: 8 March 2012; in revised form: 10 March 2012 / Accepted: 12 April 2012 / Published: 19 April 2012 Abstract: The paramyxovirus family contains many common human pathogenic viruses, including measles, mumps, the parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and the zoonotic henipaviruses, Hendra and Nipah. While the expression of a type 1 fusion protein and a type 2 attachment protein is common to all paramyxoviruses, there is considerable variation in viral attachment, the activation and triggering of the fusion protein, and the process of viral entry. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of paramyxovirus F protein-mediated membrane fusion, an essential process in viral infectivity. We also review the role of the other surface glycoproteins in receptor binding and viral entry, and the implications for viral infection. Throughout, we concentrate on the commonalities and differences in fusion triggering and