plant neighbor identity influences plant biochemistry and physiology related to defense植物的邻居身份影响植物生物化学和生理学与国防有关.pdfVIP

Broz et al. BMC Plant Biology 2010, 10:115 /1471-2229/10/115 R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E Open Access Research article Plant neighbor identity influences plant biochemistry and physiology related to defense †1 †1,2 1 2 3 3 Amanda K Broz , Corey D Broeckling , Clelia De-la-Peña , Matthew R Lewis , Erick Greene , Ragan M Callaway , 4 1 Lloyd W Sumner and Jorge M Vivanco* Abstract Background: Chemical and biological processes dictate an individual organisms ability to recognize and respond to other organisms. A small but growing body of evidence suggests that plants may be capable of recognizing and responding to neighboring plants in a species specific fashion. Here we tested whether or not individuals of the invasive exotic weed, Centaurea maculosa, would modulate their defensive strategy in response to different plant neighbors. Results: In the greenhouse, C. maculosa individuals were paired with either conspecific (C. maculosa) or heterospecific (Festuca idahoensis) plant neighbors and elicited with the plant defense signaling molecule methyl jasmonate to mimic insect herbivory. We found that elicited C. maculosa plants grown with conspecific neighbors exhibited increased levels of total phenolics, whereas those grown with heterospecific neighbors allocated more resources towards growth. To further investigate these results in the field, we conducted a metabolomics analysis to explore chemical differences between individuals of C. maculosa growing in naturally occurring conspecific and heterospecific field stands. Similar to the greenhouse results, C. maculosa individuals accumulated higher levels of defense-related second