protein kinases as drug development targets for heart disease therapy蛋白激酶作为心脏疾病治疗药物开发的目标.pdfVIP

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protein kinases as drug development targets for heart disease therapy蛋白激酶作为心脏疾病治疗药物开发的目标.pdf

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protein kinases as drug development targets for heart disease therapy蛋白激酶作为心脏疾病治疗药物开发的目标

Pharmaceuticals 2010, 3, 2111-2145; doi:10.3390/ph3072111 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Protein Kinases as Drug Development Targets for Heart Disease Therapy Naranjan S. Dhalla * and Alison L. Müller Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research, and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; E-Mail: amuller@sbrc.ca (A.L.M.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: nsdhalla@sbrc.ca (N.S.D.); Tel.: +1-204-235-3417; Fax: +1-204-237-0347 Received: 9 April 2010; in revised form: 3 June 2010 / Accepted: 23 June 2010 / Published: 5 July 2010 Abstract: Protein kinases are intimately integrated in different signal transduction pathways for the regulation of cardiac function in both health and disease. Protein kinase A (PKA), Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are not only involved in the control of subcellular activities for maintaining cardiac function, but also participate in the development of cardiac dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Although all these kinases serve as signal transducing proteins by phosphorylating different sites in cardiomyocytes, some of their effects are cardioprotective whereas others are detrimental. Such opposing effects of each signal tra