restricted access to myeloid cells explained限制进入髓细胞解释道.pdfVIP

Viruses 2011, 3, 1624-1633; doi:10.3390/v3091624 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Commentary Restricted Access to Myeloid Cells Explained Vicente Planelles Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Emma Eccles Jones Building, 15 North Medical Drive East 2100, Room 2520, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; E-Mail: vicente.planelles@; Tel.: +1-801-581-8655; Fax: +1-801-587-7799 Received: 14 July 2011; in revised form: 24 August 2011 / Accepted: 27 August 2011 / Published: 5 September 2011 Abstract: The lentiviral accessory protein, Vpx, is known to counteract a restriction factor that is specific to myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. This review summarizes the findings in two seminal studies that identify SAMHD1 as the cellular protein that is responsible for myeloid cell restriction, and establish the existence of other types of restriction in these cells. Keywords: Vpx; DCAF-1; SAMHD1; ubiquitin; Cullin4; HIV; SIV; macrophage; dendritic cell; myeloid cell 1. Introduction The Genus “Lentivirus” includes viruses that infect mammals including primates, sheep, goats, cattle, horses and cats. Lentivirus infection has typically been associated with slow diseases affecting the immune system. Lentiviruses have complex genomes encoding multiple “accessory” genes in addition to the prototypical ret