role of the osmotic stress regulatory pathway in morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in filamentous fungi渗透压力监管途径在形态发生中的作用,在丝状真菌次生代谢.pdfVIP

Toxins 2010, 2, 367-381; doi:10.3390/toxins2040367 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Review Role of the Osmotic Stress Regulatory Pathway in Morphogenesis and Secondary Metabolism in Filamentous Fungi Rocio Duran 1, Jeffrey W. Cary 2 and Ana M. Calvo 1,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Lincoln Hwy. 1425W., Montgomery Hall, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA 2 Food and Feed Safety Research Unit USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; E-Mail: jeff.cary@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: amcalvo@; Tel.: +1-815-753-0451; Fax: +1-815-753-0461. Received: 19 February 2010; in revised form: 16 March 2010 / Accepted: 17 March 2010 / Published: 24 March 2010 Abstract: Environmental stimuli trigger an adaptative cellular response to optimize the probability of survival and proliferation. In eukaryotic organisms from mammals to fungi osmotic stress, mainly through the action of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, leads to a response necessary for adapting and surviving hyperosmotic environments. In this review we show that the osmoadaptative response is conserved but not identical in different fungi. The osmoadaptative response system is also intimately linked to morphogenesis in filamentous fungi, including mycotoxin producers. Previous studies indicate that the response to osmotic stress is