satellite remote sensing of harmful algal blooms (habs) and a potential synthesized framework卫星遥感的有害藻华(赤潮)和一个潜在的综合框架.pdf

Sensors 2012, 12, 7778-7803; doi:10.3390/s120607778 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Satellite Remote Sensing of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and a Potential Synthesized Framework Li Shen 1,2,*, Huiping Xu 1 and Xulin Guo 2 1 State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; E-Mail: xuhuiping@ 2 Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada; E-Mail: xulin.guo@usask.ca * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: shenli0630426@; Tel.: +1-306-966-1488; Fax: +1-306-111-966-5680. Received: 16 May 2012; in revised form: 31 May 2012 / Accepted: 31 May 2012 / Published: 7 June 2012 Abstract: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are severe ecological disasters threatening aquatic systems throughout the World, which necessitate scientific efforts in detecting and monitoring them. Compared with traditional in situ point observations, satellite remote sensing is considered as a promising technique for studying HABs due to its advantages of large-scale, real-time, and long-term monitoring. The present review summarizes the suitability of current satellite data sources and different algorithms for detecting HABs. It also discusses the spatial scale issue of HABs. Based on the major problems identified from previous literature, including the unsystematic understanding of HABs, the insufficient incorporat