satellite remote sensing in seismology. a review卫星遥感在地震学。.pdfVIP

Remote Sens. 2010, 2, 124-150; doi:10.3390/rs2010124 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Review Satellite Remote Sensing in Seismology. A Review Andrew A. Tronin Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, 18, Korpusnaya st., St-Petersburg, 197110, Russia; E-Mail: a.a.tronin@ecosafety-spb.ru; Tel: +7-812-230-7834; Fax: +7-812-235-4361 Received: 15 October 2009; in revised form: 18 December 2009 / Accepted: 23 December 2009 / Published: 30 December 2009 Abstract: A wide range of satellite methods is applied now in seismology. The first applications of satellite data for earthquake exploration were initiated in the ‘70s, when active faults were mapped on satellite images. It was a pure and simple extrapolation of airphoto geological interpretation methods into space. The modern embodiment of this method is alignment analysis. Time series of alignments on the Earths surface are investigated before and after the earthquake. A further application of satellite data in seismology is related with geophysical methods. Electromagnetic methods have about the same long history of application for seismology. Stable statistical estimations of ionosphere-lithosphere relation were obtained based on satellite ionozonds. The most successful current project DEMETER shows impressive results. Sat