一阶电路rcandrlcircuitsinitialconditionsfirst-ordercircuit.ppt

SJTU NO.11 First-Order Circuit 一阶电路 FORMULATING RC AND RL CIRCUIT EQUATIONS Example 7.1 Then： 为什么ＲＣ的τ与Ｒ成正比，ＬＣ的却成反比？ 因为RC的i0=U0/R,此时Ｒ的耗能为U20／Ｒ,与Ｒ成反比，即说明Ｒ越大，过渡时间持续越长，τ与Ｒ成正比； 而LC的i0=Ｉ0 ,此时Ｒ的耗能为Ｉ20Ｒ,与Ｒ成正比，即说明Ｒ越大，过渡时间持续越短，τ与Ｒ成反比． Find i(0+): s(t=0) i 0.1F i(0+): Equivalent circuit at t=0+ 5V s(t=0) (2) uc(∞) , i(∞) 10V 2Ω 5Ω uC (∞) i(∞) s(t=0) (3) τ (t≥0) R=2//5=10/7Ω R 2Ω 5Ω 4、 s(t=0) i (t≥0) s(t=0) i (t≥0) How to get initial value f(0+) ? the capacitor voltage and inductor current are always continuous in some conditions. (换路定则) Vc(0+)=Vc(0-); IL(0+)=IL(0-) 2. ---use 0+ equivalent circuit . C: substituted by voltage source; L: substituted by current source. 3. Find f(0+) in the above DC circuit. Note: How to get final value f(∞) ? How to get time constant τ? The key point is to get the equivalent resistance R. R is the Thévenin equivalent resistance “seen” by the inductor (or the capacitor) Use ∞ equivalent circuit(stead state) to get f(∞). C: open circuit; L: short circuit. Example 2: The switch is closed at t=0. iL (0) =2A, Find iL (t) , u L (t) , i (t) (t≥0) Solution ：“Three quantities” (1) Find f(0+ ): When t→∞ (2) Find f(∞ ): (3)Find ：R a b 外加电源法 (4)According to: §6-4 First-order Circuit Complete Response 全响应 Us For t≥0 If uc(0)=0, it is Zero-State Response.零状态响应 ? uc(t) t=0 1. Complete Response of a RC Circuit How to find the complete response of the RC circuit ? If uc(0) ≠ 0, it is Complete Response.全响应 ? Us For t≥0 uc(t) t=0 divide solution v(t) into two components: The homogeneous solution (natural response) is the general solution of Eq.1 when the input is set to zero. total particular homogeneous The particular solution( forced response) : seek a particular solution of the equation t≥0 Now combining the forced and natural responses, we obtain Setting UF(t)=US meets this condition. Us Zero-State Response : uc(0)=0 uc(t) t=0 ∴K= -US using the initial condition: O US t uC(t) i(t) uC(t) , i