strategies for lowering solid oxide fuel cells operating temperature策略降低固体氧化物燃料电池工作温度.pdfVIP

Energies 2009, 2, 1130-1150; doi:10.3390/e OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 1996-1073 /journal/energies Review Strategies for Lowering Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating Temperature Albert Tarancón 1,2 1 IMB-CNM (CSIC), Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; E-Mail: alberttarancon@; Tel.: +34-935947700 (Ext. 2117); Fax: +34-935801496 2 Department of Advanced Materials for Energy Applications, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Josep Pla 2, B2, planta baixa, 08019, Barcelona, Spain Received: 27 October 2009 / Accepted: 13 November 2009 / Published: 25 November 2009 Abstract: Lowering the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to the intermediate range (500–700 ºC) has become one of the main SOFC research goals. High operating temperatures put numerous requirements on materials selection and on secondary units, limiting the commercial development of SOFCs. The present review first focuses on the main effects of reducing the operating temperature in terms of materials stability, thermo-mechanical mismatch, thermal management and efficiency. After a brief survey of the state-of-the-art materials for SOFCs, attention is focused on emerging oxide-ionic conductors with high conductivity in the intermediate range of temperatures with an introductory section on materials technology for reducing the electrolyte thickness. Finally, recent advances in c