the “autothixotropic” phenomenon of water and its role in proton transfer水的u201cautothixotropicu201d现象及其在质子转移中的作用.pdfVIP

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 7481-7494; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Review The “Autothixotropic” Phenomenon of Water and its Role in Proton Transfer Nada Verdel 1,*, Igor Jerman 1 and Peter Bukovec 2 1 Institute Bion, Stegne 21, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mail: igor.jerman@bion.si 2 Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mail: peter.bukovec@fkkt.uni-lj.si * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: nada.verdel@bion.si; Tel.: +386-41-959-546; Fax: +386-1-513-1147. Received: 19 September 2011; in revised form: 16 October 2011 / Accepted: 20 October 2011 / Published: 31 October 2011 Abstract: In an experimental study, significantly higher conductivity values than those of freshly prepared chemically analogous solutions were found in aged (~one year old) aqueous solutions, except for those stored frozen. The results surprisingly resemble a previously noticed phenomenon in liquid water, which develops when water is stored in closed vessels. This was observed as a disturbing phenomenon in gravimetric measurements and in luminescence spectroscopy measurements. The phenomenon was termed “autothixotropy of water” due to the weak gel-like behavior which develops spontaneously over time, in which ions se