原创力文档vocabulary learning in a yorkshire terrier slow mapping of spoken words词汇学习在约克郡犬缓慢口语词汇的映射.pdfVIP
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vocabulary learning in a yorkshire terrier slow mapping of spoken words词汇学习在约克郡犬缓慢口语词汇的映射
Vocabulary Learning in a Yorkshire Terrier: Slow
Mapping of Spoken Words
Ulrike Griebel1,3*, D. Kimbrough Oller2,3
1 Institute for Intelligent Systems, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America, 2 School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The
University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America, 3 The Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Altenberg, Austria
Abstract
Rapid vocabulary learning in children has been attributed to ‘‘fast mapping’’, with new words often claimed to be learned
through a single presentation. As reported in 2004 in Science a border collie (Rico) not only learned to identify more than
200 words, but fast mapped the new words, remembering meanings after just one presentation. Our research tests the fast
mapping interpretation of the Science paper based on Rico’s results, while extending the demonstration of large vocabulary
recognition to a lap dog. We tested a Yorkshire terrier (Bailey) with the same procedures as Rico, illustrating that Bailey
accurately retrieved randomly selected toys from a set of 117 on voice command of the owner. Second we tested her
retrieval based on two additional voices, one male, one female, with different accents that had never been involved in her
training, again showing she was capable of recognition by voice command. Third, we did both exclusion-based training of
new items (toys she had never seen before with names she had never heard before) embedded in a set of known items,
with subsequent retention tests designed as in the Rico experiment. After Bailey succeeded on exclusion and retention
tests, a crucial evaluation of true mapping tested items previously successfully retrieved in exclusion and retention, but now
pitted against each other in a two-choice task. Bailey failed on the true mapping task repeatedly, illustrat
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