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what you should know about carbon markets你应该知道碳市场
Energies 2008, 1, 120-153; DOI: 10.3390/en1030120
OPEN ACCESS
energies
ISSN 1996-1073
/journal/energies
Review
What You Should Know About Carbon Markets
Maria Mansanet-Bataller 1 and Ángel Pardo 2,*
1 Mission Climat de la Caisse des Dépôts, 278 , Boulevard Saint - Germain, 75356 Paris 07 SP.
France
2 Department of Financial Economics, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, Faculty of Economics, University of
Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: angel.pardo@uv.es
Received: 15 October 2008; in revised form: 16 December 2008 / Accepted: 16 December 2008 /
Published: 17 December 2008
Abstract: Since the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, carbon trading has been in
continuous expansion. In this paper, we review the origins of carbon trading in order to
understand how carbon trading works in Europe and, specifically, the functioning of the
European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the workings of several spot,
futures and options markets where European Union Allowances are traded. As well, the
linking of the EU ETS with the other United Nations carbon markets is also studied.
Keywords: Emission Trading, European Union Allowances, Carbon Markets.
1. Introduction
Since the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in early 2005, carbon trading has been expanding
continuously and thus the interest in studying this new nascent commodity market [1]. Several
previous experiences with emission
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