高中化学总结（High school chemistry summary）.docVIP

高中化学总结（High school chemistry summary） Organic knowledge summary I. organic represents the physical properties of matter 1. state Solid state: saturated higher fatty acids, fats, TNT, naphthalene, phenol, glucose, fructose, maltose, starch, cellulose, acetic acid (below 16.6 DEG C) The following C4: gaseous alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, formaldehyde, methyl chloride Liquid: Oil: nitrobenzene, bromide, ethyl acetate, oleic acid Viscous: petroleum, ethylene glycol, glycerin 2. odor Tasteless: methane and acetylene (often mixed with PH3, H2S, and AsH3) Slightly odorous: ethylene special odor: benzene and homologues, naphthalene, petroleum, phenol Irritant: formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, acetaldehyde Sweet taste: ethylene glycol, glycerin, sucrose, glucose Aroma: ethanol, low ester, bitter almond flavor: nitrobenzene 3. colors White: glucose, polysaccharide, pale yellow: TNT, impure nitrobenzene, black or dark brown: Petroleum 4. density Lighter than water: benzene and benzene homologues, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethanol, low-grade esters, gasoline Heavier than water: nitrobenzene, bromobenzene, ethylene glycol, glycerol, CCl4, chloroform, bromohydrocarbon, iodo hydrocarbon 5. volatile: ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid 6. Sublimation: naphthalene and anthracene 7. Water solubility: insoluble: higher fatty acids and esters, nitrobenzene, bromobenzene, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene and homologues, anthracene, petroleum, halogenated hydrocarbons, TNT, chloroform, CCl4 soluble phenol (0 DEG C is slightly soluble): benzoic acid, soluble acetylene Soluble: formaldehyde, acetic acid, ethylene glycol, benzene sulfonic acid Miscible with water: ethanol, phenol (above 70 DEG C), acetaldehyde, formic acid, glycerin Two. Classification and isomerism of organic matters 1. molecules with CnH2n (n = 3) categories: isomers of olefins and naphthenes; 2. molecules with CnH2n-2 (n = 4) categories: isomers of alkynes and dienes; 3. molecules with CnH2n+2O (n = 3) categories: i