高考有机物知识总结（College entrance examination, organic matter, knowledge summary）.docVIP

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高考有机物知识总结（College entrance examination, organic matter, knowledge summary）.doc

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高考有机物知识总结（College entrance examination, organic matter, knowledge summary）

高考有机物知识总结（College entrance examination, organic matter, knowledge summary） Organic gaseous 1, under normal temperature and pressure: 1~4 carbon atoms of hydrocarbon, methyl chloride, neopentane, formaldehyde. 2, less carbon atoms of aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, soluble in water; halogenated hydrocarbons, nitro compounds, ethers and esters are difficult to dissolve in water. 3. The density of all hydrocarbons and esters is less than that of water; the density of multi halogenated hydrocarbons and nitro compounds is greater than that of water. 4, can make the organic bromine fade: alkene, alkyne, aldehyde, phenol, organic compounds containing unsaturated carbon carbon bond. 5, can make the organic acid solution. Potassium Permanganate: alkene, alkyne, benzene, alcohols, aldehydes, unsaturated organic compounds containing carbon carbon bond. 6, the number of carbon atoms is the same as each other different substances of isomers: olefins and naphthenes, alkynes and dienes, alcohols and ethers, aldehydes and ketones, saturated monobasic carboxylic acid and unsaturated esters, alcohols and phenols, aromatic nitro compounds and amino acids. 7, belong to the scope of substitution reaction: halogen, nitration, sulfonation, esterification, hydrolysis, dehydration between molecules. 8, the addition reaction of substances with hydrogen: alkene, alkyne, benzene and its compounds, aldehydes and ketones, unsaturated carboxylic acid and its ester, glyceryl oleate etc.. 9. Hydrolysis of substances: metal carbide, halogenated hydrocarbons, sodium alcohols, phenolic sodium, carboxylate, esters, two sugar, polysaccharides, proteins and so on. 10. Substances that react with reactive metals to displace hydrogen: alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids. Substitution reaction is not a substitution reaction. 11, material: phenol condensation reaction with aldehydes and carboxylic acid diol, and two yuan two yuan and two yuan of hydroxy amine, carboxylic acid and amino acid. 12. Ex