咽部的解剖Anaomy of pharynx.doc

咽部的解剖Anatomy of pharynx 1. 分部parts: 鼻咽 nasopharynx:咽鼓管咽口 eustachial orifice ,圆枕 torus tubalis, 咽隐窝pharyngeal recess,腺样体 adenoid 口咽 oropharynx: 咽峡 fauces,咽侧索 lateral chorda,舌扁桃体 lingual tonsil 喉咽 hypopharynx: 会厌谷 vallecular epiglottica,梨状窝 piriform fossa,环后隙retrocricoid space 2. 淋巴组织 lymphatic tissue 内环 inner loop 外环 outer loop 腭扁桃体 palatine tonsilla 腺样体 adenoid 咽的生理physiology of pharynx 1.呼吸功能 repiratory function 2.吞咽功能 swallowing function 3.语言形成 formation of speech 4.保护功能 protection 5.调节中耳压力 modulation of air pressure of middle ear 6.扁桃体的免功能 immune function of tonsilla 喉的解剖Anatomy of larynx 1.喉软骨 laryngeal cartilage 单个one: 会厌软骨 epiglottic cartilage,甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage,环状软骨cricoid cartilage 成对 double:杓状软骨 arytenoid cartilage,小角软骨 cornicular cartilage,楔状软骨 cuniform cartilage 喉肌 muscle of the larynx 杓会厌肌 aryepiglottic muscle 杓肌 arytenoid muscle 环杓后肌 posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓侧肌 lateral cricoarytenoid muscle 环甲肌 cricothyroid muscle 甲杓肌 thyroarytenoid muscle 甲状会厌肌 thyroepiglottic muscle 2.喉腔 laryngeal cavity:3 portions 声门上区 supraglottic portion: 会厌epiglottis,勺会厌襞 aritenoepiglottic fold,勺区 arytenoid area,假声带 false vocal cord 声门区 glottic portion: 声带vocal cord 声门裂fissure of glottis 前联合anterior commisure 声门下区 infraglottic portion: 声门旁区 glottic portion: 3.喉的血管 blood vessel of larynx 喉上动脉 superior laryngeal artery 环甲动脉 cricothyroid artery 喉下动脉 inferior laryngeal artery 4.淋巴 lymphatics of larynx 声门上区supraglottic portion:淋巴管丰富lymphatic ducts are abundant,引流至颈深淋巴结上群drainage to upper group of deep cervical lymph nodes 声门下区infraglottic portion:淋巴管不丰富lymphatic ducts are not abundant,引流至颈深淋巴结下群drainage to lower group of deep cervical lymph nodes 声门区glottic portion:基本无淋巴管few lymphatic ducts 5.神经nerves:迷走神经vagus nerve 喉上神经 superior laryngeal nerve 内支inner beanches 外支outer branches支配环甲肌 cricothyroid muscle 喉返神经recurrent laryngeal nerve 除环甲肌以外喉肌laryngeal muscles except for cricothyroid muscle 喉的