孕期个体化营养指导对胎儿发育及孕妇健康影响.docVIP

孕期个体化营养指导对胎儿发育及孕妇健康影响 　【摘要】 目的 探讨孕期定时个体化营养指导对胎儿生长发育及孕妇健康的影响。方法 将2005年1月至2006年12月在我院孕妇学校就学的400例初孕妇随机分为营养指导组和对照组各200例，前者根据妊娠的不同时期对孕妇进行具体的膳食营养指导，后者则根据孕妇的饮食习惯与喜好进食。两者在同等孕期监测胎儿生长发育、孕妇体重、宫高以及血红蛋白的变化，B超动态检测量胎儿双顶经、头围、股骨长度，测定胎儿出生时体重并进行统计学分析。结果 指导组妊娠中后期双顶经、头围、股骨长度指标明显优于对照组，指导组妊娠中后期孕妇血红蛋白显著高于对照组（P﹤0.01）。 结论 对孕妇进行定期个体化营养指导有利于优生优育，降低妊娠合并症有利于孕妇健康，值得推广。 【关键词】 孕妇；孕期；营养指导；胎儿 The effect on fetal development and gravida health by instructing individually maternal diet during pregnancy Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect on fetal development and gravida health by instructing individually maternal diet during pregnancy. Methods Totally 400 primigravidas, from the school for pregnant women from Jan.2005 to Dec.2006, were randomly divided into two groups(each 200), one of which was carried out instruction on the diet(instructing group), another as control group ate according to their habit. Fatal development, body weight of pregnant women, height of uterus and hemoglobin were monitored for all gravidas of two groups during pregnancy. The data of body length and weight of newborn infants were statistically analyzed between the two groups. Results The weight of newborn infants of instructing group was weightier than that of control group (P＜0.05). The rate of pregnant complication of instructing group was lower than that of control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion The instruction on the diet of pregnant women is the advantage of aristogenesis and reduce the rate of pregnant complication. Keywords: gravida; duration of pregnancy; diet; fetus 受孕是新生命的开始，受精卵-胚胎-胎儿-新生儿-成年是一条重要的生命质量链。许多证据表明胎儿在子宫内的发育与其成年期的健康密切相关。胎儿的健康除受遗传、父母健康状况以及生活环境的影响外，孕期营养也是不可忽视的重要因素。妊娠期是生命过程中对营养状况最为敏感的时期，胎儿生长发育的营养来自孕妇，孕妇妊娠期的营养状况直接或间接影响自身和胎儿的健康［12］。孕妇营养平衡可以减少妊娠合并症，防止新生儿体重过低，降低围产期胎儿死亡及新生儿死亡率。孕妇缺乏营养，会造成胎儿营养素缺乏，使胎儿在体内器官发育不良或发育迟缓，胎儿某些生理功能低下，进而造成流产、死胎或畸形［3］。本文就2005年1月至2006年12月在我院孕妇学校接受孕期营养指导的产妇分娩资料进行分析，探讨定期个体化营养指导对妊娠期母婴健康的影响。 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 从2005年1月至2006年12月在我院住院分娩的产妇中选取400例孕妇作为观察对象，选择条件确定为首次在我院门诊确诊为宫内妊娠的初产妇，年龄21~35岁,