艺术生高考文化课辅导英语讲义-句子基本结构 矿大长远.doc

矿大长远教育 艺术生 全日制高考冲刺班 讲义 英语句子句子成分知识 1.主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，置于句首一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当。如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） 2.谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，位于主语之后。He practices running every morning. 2)复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：(not)We are students. 3.表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。C.表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词 The speech is exciting.（分词 Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4.宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，位于动词之后。C一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） D.宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （They elected him their monitor. 5.宾语补足语：a.用来对宾语进行补充和说明，b.置于宾语后。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介短）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）I found it difficult to refuse