雨洪与低冲击发展(LID).ppt.pptVIP

* * * Best Management Practices provide many options for stormwater management and NPS pollution control. BMPs can be made part of the built phase (operational), or they can be utilized during the construction/demolition phase They can be structural (anything built, including such things as raingardens) or non-structural (practices) BMPs are implemented to control both the quantity and quality of water runoff from a site * * Center for Watershed Protection: One of the major impacts of urbanization on streams is its effects on stream hydrology. Stream hydrology is defined as the study of the movement or flow of water and understanding water balance is essential to understanding the impact of development on urban streams. This diagram shows how development and its corresponding increase in impervious cover disrupts the natural water balance. In the post-development setting, the amount of water running off the site is dramatically increased. * The combination of increased peak flows and bankfull flows also greatly impacts the floodplain. The floodplain is the wider channel outside the bankfull channel that accommodates the rare large storm events. In a post-development situation, increased upstream impervious cover and increased peak discharges cause the floodplain to widen and increase vertically, subjecting more homes, properties, and people to the risks of flooding. This figure shows how upstream development can widen and lengthen the floodplain limit and is usually accompanied by encroachment into a larger floodplain, thus exasperating the corridor. This graph shows that as the percentage of impervious cover increases, the percentage of sensitive aquatic biota decreases. At less than 10% impervious cover, streams are considered sensitive. Between 10-25%, streams are categorized as impacted. At levels greater than 25% impervious cover, streams are considered non-supporting. Generally, most urban streams begin to enlarge as impervious cover exceeds 10% i