the prevalence and significance of htlv-iii seroindeterminate western blot patterns的患病率和意义叫做htlv - iii seroindeterminate免疫印迹模式.pdfVIP

Viruses 2011, 3, 1320-1331; doi:10.3390/v3081320 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns Anna Abrams *, Yoshimi Akahata and Steven Jacobson Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: akahatay@ (Y.A.); JacobsonS@ (S.J.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: abramsan@; Tel.: +1-301-496-0519; Fax: +1-301-402-0373. Received: 13 June 2011; in revised form: 22 July 2011 / Accepted: 23 July 2011 / Published: 2 August 2011 Abstract: Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects an estimated 15–20 million persons worldwide. A number of diseases have been associated with the virus including adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-I uveitis, and HTLV-I-associated infective dermatitis. Once it was shown that there is an increased risk for developing HAM/TSP associated with blood transfusion, screening for HTLV-1 among blood banks was implemented in Japan, United States, France, and the Netherlands. This process includes detection by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) followed by a confirmatory Western blot (WB) in which recombinant proteins specific for HTLV-I Env glycoproteins are incorporated into WB strips. HTLV-I seropositive results are defined by th