第二章 色谱基本理论（The second chapter is the basic theory of chromatography）.docVIP

第二章 色谱基本理论（The second chapter is the basic theory of chromatography） The second chapter is the basic theory of chromatography Examples Case 1, X, Y and Z three component mixtures, separated by chromatographic column, the retention time was 5min, 7min, 12min, and the elution time of non retention components was 1.5min: (1) what is the relative retention value of X for Y? (2) what is the relative retention value of Z for y? (3) what is the capacity factor of the Y component in the column? (4) what is the ratio of X to the capacity factor of Z? Solution (1) 1.57 (2) 1.90 (3) 3.67 (4) 0.63 2 cases with 3M column separation of A, B two groups, the measured non retention components of the tM value is 0.9min, the retention time of group A was 15.1 min, B group the retention time is 18 min, to make the two groups reached the baseline (R = 1.5), Q minimum column length should choose how many meters (B component peak width is 1.1 min)? Solution method (1): By knowing the conditions, we must because So L = 0.99, that is 1M Method (2): N B = 4284 R is = 1.20 K=19 So HB = 300/4284 = 0.07cm L = n (R=1.5) H = 1245*0.07 = 99.8, CM = 1M Example 3 A, B two component distribution coefficient ratio is 0.912, to ensure that the separation of the two to 1.20, column length should choose how many meters. Set the effective tower height is 0.95mm. Solution KA/ KB = 0.912 indicates the B component after peak So r is = 1/0.912 = 1.096 also H eff = 0.95mm 所以 l＝n rms h eff＝3002 * 0.95＝2851.9mm＝ 2.85m 例4 以戊烷作测试组分, 测得t r值为5.0 min; 死时间为35; 用皂沫流量计测得柱后载气流量为56m1／min; 柱温105℃ 室温24℃, 柱前压力表指示读数为1.0 kg / cm2, 即 101.325 kpa, 大气压为 101.325kpa; 柱内固定液总量为4.5g, 固定液密度为0.92g／ml; 饱和水蒸气压力为 2.93kpa (24℃), 求戊烷的分配系数及它的比保留体积. 解 因柱前压力表指示值是柱入口压力与大气压之差, 根据公式 j＝ 0.643 故柱前压力应为101.325×2 kpa. 又因 vn＝j - r＝0.643×188.76＝121.4 ml ＝v(r / vm＝kvl / vm 所以 k＝vr / vl＝188.6 / (5 / 3) ＝ 38.61 vg＝t / ct ×vn / ws＝273 / 378×121.4 / 4.5 ＝ 19.48 ml / g 例5 在15% ov - 17柱上 (柱温105℃) 测得甲烷tm值为3.0mm, 正壬烷t r值为30mm正癸烷t r 值为58mm; 正壬烷与正癸烷的峰宽相同, 均等于4.8mm.